本文实例讲述了JS中的继承操作。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:1.原型链继承
function SuperType() {

this.property = true;
}
SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function() {

return this.property;
}
function SubType() {

ths.subproperty = false;
}
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
// 实现继承
SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function() {

return this.subproperty;
}
var instance = new SubType();
console.log(instance.getSuperValue());
// true


function SuperType() {

this.property = true;
}
SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function() {

return this.property;
}
function SubType() {

ths.subproperty = false;
}
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
// 实现继承
SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function() {

return this.subproperty;
}
var instance = new SubType();
console.log(instance.getSuperValue());
// true

原理:让SuperType的实例成为子类的原型对象,子类的实例拥有了父类的属性和方法。但也有弊端,如果父类的属性是引用类型,这将导致共享的属性被改变的时候,全部的属性将被改变,我们一下代码。
function SuperType() {

this.property = [1,2,3];
}
SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function() {

return this.property;
}
function SubType() {

ths.subproperty = false;
}
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
// 实现继承
SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function() {

return this.subproperty;
}
var instance1 = new SubType();
var instance2 = new SubType();
instance1.property.push(4);
console.log(instance1.property);
// [1,2,3,4]
console.log(instance2.property);
// [1,2,3,4]


function SuperType() {

this.property = [1,2,3];
}
SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function() {

return this.property;
}
function SubType() {

ths.subproperty = false;
}
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
// 实现继承
SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function() {

return this.subproperty;
}
var instance1 = new SubType();
var instance2 = new SubType();
instance1.property.push(4);
console.log(instance1.property);
// [1,2,3,4]
console.log(instance2.property);
// [1,2,3,4]

我们修改一处的实例属性,两个实例的属性都会被修改,因为这个属性是共享的,这也是原型链继承的缺点。2.构造函数继承
function SuperType(name) {

this.name = name;

this.numbers = [1,2,3];
}
function SubType() {

SuperType.call(this,"Nicholas");

this.age = 29;
}

var instance1 = new SubType();
var instance2 = new SubType();
instance1.property.push(4);
console.log(instance1.name);
// Nicholas
console.log(instance1.age);
// 29
console.log(instance1.numbers);
// [1,2,3,4]
console.log(instance2.numbers); // [1,2,3]


function SuperType(name) {

this.name = name;

this.numbers = [1,2,3];
}
function SubType() {

SuperType.call(this,"Nicholas");

this.age = 29;
}

var instance1 = new SubType();
var instance2 = new SubType();
instance1.property.push(4);
console.log(instance1.name);
// Nicholas
console.log(instance1.age);
// 29
console.log(instance1.numbers);
// [1,2,3,4]
console.log(instance2.numbers); // [1,2,3]

在子类中调用父类的构造函数,每次实例化时都会新建父类的属性放在新实例中,因此每个实例中的属性都是不一样的,改变一个实例的值不会造成另一个实例的值改变。这个继承方式的缺点是方法的定义不能复用。3.组合继承这个方法将原型链继承和构造函数继承结合到一起,融合了他们各自的优点。
function SuperType(name) {

this.name = name;

this.colors = ["red","blue","green"]
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function() {

console.log(this.name);
}
function SubType(name,age) {

SuperType.call(this,name);

this.age = age;
}
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.constructor = SubType;
SubType.prototype.sayAge = function() {

console.log(this.age);
}

var instance1 = new SubType("Nicholas", 29);
var instance2 =new SubType("Greg", 27);
instance1.colors.push("black");
console.log(instance1.colors);
// red,blue,green,black
console.log(instance2.colors);
// red,blue,green
instance1.sayName();
// Nicholas
instance2.sayName();
// Greg
instance1.sayAge();
// 29
instance2.sayAge();
// 27


function SuperType(name) {

this.name = name;

this.colors = ["red","blue","green"]
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function() {

console.log(this.name);
}
function SubType(name,age) {

SuperType.call(this,name);

this.age = age;
}
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.constructor = SubType;
SubType.prototype.sayAge = function() {

console.log(this.age);
}

var instance1 = new SubType("Nicholas", 29);
var instance2 =new SubType("Greg", 27);
instance1.colors.push("black");
console.log(instance1.colors);
// red,blue,green,black
console.log(instance2.colors);
// red,blue,green
instance1.sayName();
// Nicholas
instance2.sayName();
// Greg
instance1.sayAge();
// 29
instance2.sayAge();
// 27

4.class继承ES6中可以通过class创建对象,通过关键字extends继承。
class Point {
constructor(x, y) {

this.x = x;

this.y = y;
}
}

class ColorPoint extends Point {
constructor(x, y, color) {

this.color = color; // ReferenceError

super(x, y);

this.color = color; // 正确
}
}


class Point {
constructor(x, y) {

this.x = x;

this.y = y;
}
}

class ColorPoint extends Point {
constructor(x, y, color) {

this.color = color; // ReferenceError

super(x, y);

this.color = color; // 正确
}
}

在ES6的继承中,子类一定要重写父类的构造函授的方法,否则会报错。感兴趣的朋友可以使用在线HTML/CSS/JavaScript代码运行工具:http://tools./code/HtmlJsRun测试上述代码运行效果。在线HTML/CSS/JavaScript代码运行工具在线HTML/CSS/JavaScript代码运行工具http://tools./code/HtmlJsRun关于JavaScript相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题:《javascript面向对象入门教程》、《JavaScript错误与调试技巧总结》、《JavaScript数据结构与算法技巧总结》、《JavaScript遍历算法与技巧总结》及《JavaScript数学运算用法总结》javascript面向对象入门教程JavaScript错误与调试技巧总结JavaScript数据结构与算法技巧总结JavaScript遍历算法与技巧总结JavaScript数学运算用法总结希望本文所述对大家JavaScript程序设计有所帮助。