这篇文章主要介绍了JavaScript函数Call、Apply原理实例解析,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下一、方法重用
使用 call() 方法,您可以编写能够在不同对象上使用的方法。1、函数是对象方法
在 JavaScript 中,函数是对象的方法。如果一个函数不是 JavaScript 对象的方法,那么它就是全局对象的函数(参见前一章)。下面的例子创建了带有三个属性的对象(firstName、lastName、fullName)。
var person = {

firstName:"Bill",

lastName: "Gates",

fullName: function () {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}
}
person.fullName();
// 将返回 "Bill Gates"
var person = {

firstName:"Bill",

lastName: "Gates",

fullName: function () {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}
}
person.fullName();
// 将返回 "Bill Gates"fullName 属性是一个方法。person 对象是该方法的拥有者。fullName 属性属于 person 对象的方法。二、call() 方法
call() 方法是预定义的 JavaScript 方法。它可以用来调用所有者对象作为参数的方法。通过 call(),您能够使用属于另一个对象的方法。本例调用 person 的 fullName 方法,并用于 person1:
var person = {

fullName: function() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}
}
var person1 = {

firstName:"Bill",

lastName: "Gates",
}
var person2 = {

firstName:"Steve",

lastName: "Jobs",
}
person.fullName.call(person1); // 将返回 "Bill Gates"
var person = {

fullName: function() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}
}
var person1 = {

firstName:"Bill",

lastName: "Gates",
}
var person2 = {

firstName:"Steve",

lastName: "Jobs",
}
person.fullName.call(person1); // 将返回 "Bill Gates"本例调用 person 的 fullName 方法,并用于 person2:
var person = {

fullName: function() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}
}
var person1 = {

firstName:"John",

lastName: "Doe",
}
var person2 = {

firstName:"Mary",

lastName: "Doe",
}
person.fullName.call(person2); // 将返回 "Steve Jobs"
var person = {

fullName: function() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}
}
var person1 = {

firstName:"John",

lastName: "Doe",
}
var person2 = {

firstName:"Mary",

lastName: "Doe",
}
person.fullName.call(person2); // 将返回 "Steve Jobs"1、带参数的 call() 方法
call() 方法可接受参数:
var person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
var person1 = {
firstName:"Bill",
lastName: "Gates"
}
person.fullName.call(person1, "Seattle", "USA");
var person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
var person1 = {
firstName:"Bill",
lastName: "Gates"
}
person.fullName.call(person1, "Seattle", "USA");三、 apply() 方法
apply() 方法与 call() 方法非常相似:在本例中,person 的 fullName 方法被应用到 person1:
var person = {

fullName: function() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}
}
var person1 = {

firstName: "Bill",

lastName: "Gates",
}
person.fullName.apply(person1); // 将返回 "Bill Gates"
var person = {

fullName: function() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}
}
var person1 = {

firstName: "Bill",

lastName: "Gates",
}
person.fullName.apply(person1); // 将返回 "Bill Gates"1、call() 和 apply() 之间的区别
不同之处是:call() 方法分别接受参数。apply() 方法接受数组形式的参数。如果要使用数组而不是参数列表,则 apply() 方法非常方便。2、带参数的 apply() 方法
apply() 方法接受数组中的参数:
var person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
var person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
person.fullName.apply(person1, ["Oslo", "Norway"]);
var person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
var person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
person.fullName.apply(person1, ["Oslo", "Norway"]);与 call() 方法对比:
var person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
var person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
person.fullName.call(person1, "Oslo", "Norway");
var person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
var person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
person.fullName.call(person1, "Oslo", "Norway");3、在数组上模拟 max 方法
您可以使用 Math.max() 方法找到(数字列表中的)最大数字:
Math.max(1,2,3); // 会返回 3
Math.max(1,2,3); // 会返回 3由于 JavaScript 数组没有 max() 方法,因此您可以应用 Math.max() 方法。
Math.max.apply(null, [1,2,3]); // 也会返回 3
Math.max.apply(null, [1,2,3]); // 也会返回 3第一个参数(null)无关紧要。在本例中未使用它。这些例子会给出相同的结果:
Math.max.apply(Math, [1,2,3]); // 也会返回 3
Math.max.apply(" ", [1,2,3]); // 也会返回 3
Math.max.apply(0, [1,2,3]); // 也会返回 3
Math.max.apply(Math, [1,2,3]); // 也会返回 3
Math.max.apply(" ", [1,2,3]); // 也会返回 3
Math.max.apply(0, [1,2,3]); // 也会返回 34、JavaScript 严格模式
在 JavaScript 严格模式下,如果 apply() 方法的第一个参数不是对象,则它将成为被调用函数的所有者(对象)。在“非严格”模式下,它成为全局对象。以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。