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js使用typescript改造koa开发框架的实现js大全
发布时间: 2021年1月13日 | 浏览:
| 分类:js开发
强类型的 TypeScript 开发体验和维护项目上相比 JavaScript 有着明显的优势，那么对常用的脚手架进行改造也就势在必行了。接下来开始对基于 koa 框架的 node 后端脚手架进行改造：
项目开发环境 和 typescript 编译环境的搭建；
对 node、koa、koa中间件和使用到的库 添加类型化支持；
基于 typesript 的特性改造项目。
项目开发环境 和 typescript 编译环境的搭建；对 node、koa、koa中间件和使用到的库 添加类型化支持；基于 typesript 的特性改造项目。项目开发环境搭建
项目开发环境搭建项目开发环境搭建基于 gulp 搭建开发编译环境，gulp-typescript 插件用于编译 typescript 文件， gulp-nodemon 则可以监控文件内容的变更，自动编译和重启node服务，提升开发效率。
npm install -D gulp gulp-nodemon gulp-typescript ts-node typescript
npm install -D gulp gulp-nodemon gulp-typescript ts-node typescript
gulp 的配置
gulpfile.js 的设置
const { src, dest, watch, series, task } = require('gulp');
const del = require('del');
const ts = require('gulp-typescript');
const nodemon = require('gulp-nodemon');
const tsProject = ts.createProject('tsconfig.json');
function clean(cb) {
return del(['dist'], cb);
}
// 输出 js 到 dist目录
function toJs() {
return src('src/**/*.ts')
.pipe(tsProject())
.pipe(dest('dist'));
}
// nodemon 监控 ts 文件
function runNodemon() {
nodemon({
inspect: true,
script: 'src/app.ts',
watch: ['src'],
ext: 'ts',
env: { NODE_ENV: 'development' },
// tasks: ['build'],
}).on('crash', () => {
console.error('Application has crashed!\n');
});
}
const build = series(clean, toJs);
task('build', build);
exports.build = build;
exports.default = runNodemon;
const { src, dest, watch, series, task } = require('gulp');
const del = require('del');
const ts = require('gulp-typescript');
const nodemon = require('gulp-nodemon');
const tsProject = ts.createProject('tsconfig.json');
function clean(cb) {
return del(['dist'], cb);
}
// 输出 js 到 dist目录
function toJs() {
return src('src/**/*.ts')
.pipe(tsProject())
.pipe(dest('dist'));
}
// nodemon 监控 ts 文件
function runNodemon() {
nodemon({
inspect: true,
script: 'src/app.ts',
watch: ['src'],
ext: 'ts',
env: { NODE_ENV: 'development' },
// tasks: ['build'],
}).on('crash', () => {
console.error('Application has crashed!\n');
});
}
const build = series(clean, toJs);
task('build', build);
exports.build = build;
exports.default = runNodemon;
typescript 的配置
tsconfig.json 的设置
{
"compilerOptions": {
"baseUrl": ".", // import的相对起始路径
"outDir": "./dist", // 构建输出目录
"module": "commonjs",
"target": "esnext",// node 环境支持 esnext
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
"importHelpers": true,
"strict": false,
"moduleResolution": "node",
"esModuleInterop": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"noImplicitAny": true,
"suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": true,
"noUnusedParameters": true,
"noUnusedLocals": true,
"noImplicitReturns": true,
"experimentalDecorators": true, // 开启装饰器的使用
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
"allowJs": true,
"sourceMap": true,
"paths": {
"@/*": [ "src/*" ]
}
},
"include": [
"src/**/*"
],
"exclude": [
"node_modules",
"dist"
]
}
{
"compilerOptions": {
"baseUrl": ".", // import的相对起始路径
"outDir": "./dist", // 构建输出目录
"module": "commonjs",
"target": "esnext",// node 环境支持 esnext
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
"importHelpers": true,
"strict": false,
"moduleResolution": "node",
"esModuleInterop": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"noImplicitAny": true,
"suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": true,
"noUnusedParameters": true,
"noUnusedLocals": true,
"noImplicitReturns": true,
"experimentalDecorators": true, // 开启装饰器的使用
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
"allowJs": true,
"sourceMap": true,
"paths": {
"@/*": [ "src/*" ]
}
},
"include": [
"src/**/*"
],
"exclude": [
"node_modules",
"dist"
]
}
eslint 的配置
当然 eslint 也要添加对 typescript 对支持
npm install -D @typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin @typescript-eslint/parser
npm install -D @typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin @typescript-eslint/parser.eslintrc.json 的设置
{
"env": {
"es6": true,
"node": true
},
"extends": [
"eslint:recommended",
"plugin:@typescript-eslint/eslint-recommended"
],
"globals": {
"Atomics": "readonly",
"SharedArrayBuffer": "readonly"
},
"parser": "@typescript-eslint/parser",
"parserOptions": {
"ecmaVersion": 2021,
"sourceType": "module"
},
"plugins": [
"@typescript-eslint"
],
"rules": {
"indent": [ "warn", 2 ],
"no-unused-vars": 0
}
}
{
"env": {
"es6": true,
"node": true
},
"extends": [
"eslint:recommended",
"plugin:@typescript-eslint/eslint-recommended"
],
"globals": {
"Atomics": "readonly",
"SharedArrayBuffer": "readonly"
},
"parser": "@typescript-eslint/parser",
"parserOptions": {
"ecmaVersion": 2021,
"sourceType": "module"
},
"plugins": [
"@typescript-eslint"
],
"rules": {
"indent": [ "warn", 2 ],
"no-unused-vars": 0
}
}
package.json 运行配置
最后就是设置 package.json 的 scripts
"scripts": {
"start": "gulp",// dev
"build": "gulp build", // output
"eslint": "eslint --fix --ext .js,.ts src/",
"server": "export NODE_ENV=production && node dist/app" // production server
},
"scripts": {
"start": "gulp",// dev
"build": "gulp build", // output
"eslint": "eslint --fix --ext .js,.ts src/",
"server": "export NODE_ENV=production && node dist/app" // production server
},
添加类型化支持
添加类型化支持添加类型化支持项目主要使用到了以下的组件jsonwebtoken
koa
koa-body
koa-compress
koa-favicon
koa-logger
koa-router
koa-static
koa2-cors
log4js
那么就要安装对应的 type 文件，当然别忘了 @types/node
npm install -D @types/jsonwebtoken @types/koa @types/koa-compress @types/koa-favicon @types/koa-logger @types/koa-router @types/koa-static @types/koa2-cors @types/log4js @types/node
npm install -D @types/jsonwebtoken @types/koa @types/koa-compress @types/koa-favicon @types/koa-logger @types/koa-router @types/koa-static @types/koa2-cors @types/log4js @types/node
使用 typescript 装饰器 改造项目
使用 typescript 装饰器 改造项目使用 typescript 装饰器 改造项目.net mvc 框架有个很便利的地方就是 使用装饰器对控制器进行配置，现在通过 typescript 的装饰器也可以实现相同的功能。这里需要使用到反射相关的库 reflect-metadata，用过 Java 或 C# 的小伙伴，对反射的原理一定不陌生。定义http请求的装饰器
我们再也不需要在路由配置和控制器方法之前来回查找和匹配了
import 'reflect-metadata'
import { ROUTER_MAP } from '../constant'
/**
* @desc 生成 http method 装饰器
* @param {string} method - http method，如 get、post、head
* @return Decorator - 装饰器
*/
function createMethodDecorator(method: string) {
// 装饰器接收路由 path 作为参数
return function httpMethodDecorator(path: string) {
return (proto: any, name: string) => {
const target = proto.constructor;
const routeMap = Reflect.getMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, target, 'method') || [];
routeMap.push({ name, method, path });
Reflect.defineMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, routeMap, target, 'method');
};
};
}
// 导出 http method 装饰器
export const post = createMethodDecorator('post');
export const get = createMethodDecorator('get');
export const del = createMethodDecorator('del');
export const put = createMethodDecorator('put');
export const patch = createMethodDecorator('patch');
export const options = createMethodDecorator('options');
export const head = createMethodDecorator('head');
export const all = createMethodDecorator('all');
import 'reflect-metadata'
import { ROUTER_MAP } from '../constant'
/**
* @desc 生成 http method 装饰器
* @param {string} method - http method，如 get、post、head
* @return Decorator - 装饰器
*/
function createMethodDecorator(method: string) {
// 装饰器接收路由 path 作为参数
return function httpMethodDecorator(path: string) {
return (proto: any, name: string) => {
const target = proto.constructor;
const routeMap = Reflect.getMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, target, 'method') || [];
routeMap.push({ name, method, path });
Reflect.defineMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, routeMap, target, 'method');
};
};
}
// 导出 http method 装饰器
export const post = createMethodDecorator('post');
export const get = createMethodDecorator('get');
export const del = createMethodDecorator('del');
export const put = createMethodDecorator('put');
export const patch = createMethodDecorator('patch');
export const options = createMethodDecorator('options');
export const head = createMethodDecorator('head');
export const all = createMethodDecorator('all');
装饰控制器的方法
export default class Sign {
@post('/login')
async login (ctx: Context) {
const { email, password } = ctx.request.body;
const users = await userDao.getUser({ email });
// ...
return ctx.body = {
code: 0,
message: '登录成功',
data
};
}
@post('/register')
async register (ctx: Context) {
const { email, password } = ctx.request.body;
const salt = makeSalt();
// ...
return ctx.body = {
code: 0,
message: '注册成功！',
data
}
}
}
export default class Sign {
@post('/login')
async login (ctx: Context) {
const { email, password } = ctx.request.body;
const users = await userDao.getUser({ email });
// ...
return ctx.body = {
code: 0,
message: '登录成功',
data
};
}
@post('/register')
async register (ctx: Context) {
const { email, password } = ctx.request.body;
const salt = makeSalt();
// ...
return ctx.body = {
code: 0,
message: '注册成功！',
data
}
}
}
收集元数据和添加路由
收集元数据和添加路由我们已经把装饰器添加到对应控制器的方法上了，那么怎么把元数据收集起来呢？这就需要用到 node 提供的 fs 文件模块，node服务第一次启动的时候，扫描一遍controller文件夹，收集到所有控制器模块，结合装饰器收集到的metadata，就可以把对应的方法添加到 koa-router。
import 'reflect-metadata'
import fs from 'fs'
import path from 'path'
import { ROUTER_MAP } from './constant'
import { RouteMeta } from './type'
import Router from 'koa-router'
const addRouter = (router: Router) => {
const ctrPath = path.join(__dirname, 'controller');
const modules: ObjectConstructor[] = [];
// 扫描controller文件夹，收集所有controller
fs.readdirSync(ctrPath).forEach(name => {
if (/^[^.]+?\.(t|j)s$/.test(name)) {
modules.push(require(path.join(ctrPath, name)).default)
}
});
// 结合meta数据添加路由
modules.forEach(m => {
const routerMap: RouteMeta[] = Reflect.getMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, m, 'method') || [];
if (routerMap.length) {
const ctr = new m();
routerMap.forEach(route => {
const { name, method, path } = route;
router[method](path, ctr[name]);
})
}
})
}
export default addRouter
import 'reflect-metadata'
import fs from 'fs'
import path from 'path'
import { ROUTER_MAP } from './constant'
import { RouteMeta } from './type'
import Router from 'koa-router'
const addRouter = (router: Router) => {
const ctrPath = path.join(__dirname, 'controller');
const modules: ObjectConstructor[] = [];
// 扫描controller文件夹，收集所有controller
fs.readdirSync(ctrPath).forEach(name => {
if (/^[^.]+?\.(t|j)s$/.test(name)) {
modules.push(require(path.join(ctrPath, name)).default)
}
});
// 结合meta数据添加路由
modules.forEach(m => {
const routerMap: RouteMeta[] = Reflect.getMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, m, 'method') || [];
if (routerMap.length) {
const ctr = new m();
routerMap.forEach(route => {
const { name, method, path } = route;
router[method](path, ctr[name]);
})
}
})
}
export default addRouter
最后
最后 这样对koa项目脚手架的改造基本完成，源码请查看koa-server koa-server 以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
项目开发环境 和 typescript 编译环境的搭建；
对 node、koa、koa中间件和使用到的库 添加类型化支持；
基于 typesript 的特性改造项目。
项目开发环境 和 typescript 编译环境的搭建；对 node、koa、koa中间件和使用到的库 添加类型化支持；基于 typesript 的特性改造项目。项目开发环境搭建
项目开发环境搭建项目开发环境搭建基于 gulp 搭建开发编译环境，gulp-typescript 插件用于编译 typescript 文件， gulp-nodemon 则可以监控文件内容的变更，自动编译和重启node服务，提升开发效率。
npm install -D gulp gulp-nodemon gulp-typescript ts-node typescript
npm install -D gulp gulp-nodemon gulp-typescript ts-node typescript
gulp 的配置
gulpfile.js 的设置
const { src, dest, watch, series, task } = require('gulp');
const del = require('del');
const ts = require('gulp-typescript');
const nodemon = require('gulp-nodemon');
const tsProject = ts.createProject('tsconfig.json');
function clean(cb) {
return del(['dist'], cb);
}
// 输出 js 到 dist目录
function toJs() {
return src('src/**/*.ts')
.pipe(tsProject())
.pipe(dest('dist'));
}
// nodemon 监控 ts 文件
function runNodemon() {
nodemon({
inspect: true,
script: 'src/app.ts',
watch: ['src'],
ext: 'ts',
env: { NODE_ENV: 'development' },
// tasks: ['build'],
}).on('crash', () => {
console.error('Application has crashed!\n');
});
}
const build = series(clean, toJs);
task('build', build);
exports.build = build;
exports.default = runNodemon;
const { src, dest, watch, series, task } = require('gulp');
const del = require('del');
const ts = require('gulp-typescript');
const nodemon = require('gulp-nodemon');
const tsProject = ts.createProject('tsconfig.json');
function clean(cb) {
return del(['dist'], cb);
}
// 输出 js 到 dist目录
function toJs() {
return src('src/**/*.ts')
.pipe(tsProject())
.pipe(dest('dist'));
}
// nodemon 监控 ts 文件
function runNodemon() {
nodemon({
inspect: true,
script: 'src/app.ts',
watch: ['src'],
ext: 'ts',
env: { NODE_ENV: 'development' },
// tasks: ['build'],
}).on('crash', () => {
console.error('Application has crashed!\n');
});
}
const build = series(clean, toJs);
task('build', build);
exports.build = build;
exports.default = runNodemon;
typescript 的配置
tsconfig.json 的设置
{
"compilerOptions": {
"baseUrl": ".", // import的相对起始路径
"outDir": "./dist", // 构建输出目录
"module": "commonjs",
"target": "esnext",// node 环境支持 esnext
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
"importHelpers": true,
"strict": false,
"moduleResolution": "node",
"esModuleInterop": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"noImplicitAny": true,
"suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": true,
"noUnusedParameters": true,
"noUnusedLocals": true,
"noImplicitReturns": true,
"experimentalDecorators": true, // 开启装饰器的使用
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
"allowJs": true,
"sourceMap": true,
"paths": {
"@/*": [ "src/*" ]
}
},
"include": [
"src/**/*"
],
"exclude": [
"node_modules",
"dist"
]
}
{
"compilerOptions": {
"baseUrl": ".", // import的相对起始路径
"outDir": "./dist", // 构建输出目录
"module": "commonjs",
"target": "esnext",// node 环境支持 esnext
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
"importHelpers": true,
"strict": false,
"moduleResolution": "node",
"esModuleInterop": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"noImplicitAny": true,
"suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": true,
"noUnusedParameters": true,
"noUnusedLocals": true,
"noImplicitReturns": true,
"experimentalDecorators": true, // 开启装饰器的使用
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
"allowJs": true,
"sourceMap": true,
"paths": {
"@/*": [ "src/*" ]
}
},
"include": [
"src/**/*"
],
"exclude": [
"node_modules",
"dist"
]
}
eslint 的配置
当然 eslint 也要添加对 typescript 对支持
npm install -D @typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin @typescript-eslint/parser
npm install -D @typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin @typescript-eslint/parser.eslintrc.json 的设置
{
"env": {
"es6": true,
"node": true
},
"extends": [
"eslint:recommended",
"plugin:@typescript-eslint/eslint-recommended"
],
"globals": {
"Atomics": "readonly",
"SharedArrayBuffer": "readonly"
},
"parser": "@typescript-eslint/parser",
"parserOptions": {
"ecmaVersion": 2021,
"sourceType": "module"
},
"plugins": [
"@typescript-eslint"
],
"rules": {
"indent": [ "warn", 2 ],
"no-unused-vars": 0
}
}
{
"env": {
"es6": true,
"node": true
},
"extends": [
"eslint:recommended",
"plugin:@typescript-eslint/eslint-recommended"
],
"globals": {
"Atomics": "readonly",
"SharedArrayBuffer": "readonly"
},
"parser": "@typescript-eslint/parser",
"parserOptions": {
"ecmaVersion": 2021,
"sourceType": "module"
},
"plugins": [
"@typescript-eslint"
],
"rules": {
"indent": [ "warn", 2 ],
"no-unused-vars": 0
}
}
package.json 运行配置
最后就是设置 package.json 的 scripts
"scripts": {
"start": "gulp",// dev
"build": "gulp build", // output
"eslint": "eslint --fix --ext .js,.ts src/",
"server": "export NODE_ENV=production && node dist/app" // production server
},
"scripts": {
"start": "gulp",// dev
"build": "gulp build", // output
"eslint": "eslint --fix --ext .js,.ts src/",
"server": "export NODE_ENV=production && node dist/app" // production server
},
添加类型化支持
添加类型化支持添加类型化支持项目主要使用到了以下的组件jsonwebtoken
koa
koa-body
koa-compress
koa-favicon
koa-logger
koa-router
koa-static
koa2-cors
log4js
那么就要安装对应的 type 文件，当然别忘了 @types/node
npm install -D @types/jsonwebtoken @types/koa @types/koa-compress @types/koa-favicon @types/koa-logger @types/koa-router @types/koa-static @types/koa2-cors @types/log4js @types/node
npm install -D @types/jsonwebtoken @types/koa @types/koa-compress @types/koa-favicon @types/koa-logger @types/koa-router @types/koa-static @types/koa2-cors @types/log4js @types/node
使用 typescript 装饰器 改造项目
使用 typescript 装饰器 改造项目使用 typescript 装饰器 改造项目.net mvc 框架有个很便利的地方就是 使用装饰器对控制器进行配置，现在通过 typescript 的装饰器也可以实现相同的功能。这里需要使用到反射相关的库 reflect-metadata，用过 Java 或 C# 的小伙伴，对反射的原理一定不陌生。定义http请求的装饰器
我们再也不需要在路由配置和控制器方法之前来回查找和匹配了
import 'reflect-metadata'
import { ROUTER_MAP } from '../constant'
/**
* @desc 生成 http method 装饰器
* @param {string} method - http method，如 get、post、head
* @return Decorator - 装饰器
*/
function createMethodDecorator(method: string) {
// 装饰器接收路由 path 作为参数
return function httpMethodDecorator(path: string) {
return (proto: any, name: string) => {
const target = proto.constructor;
const routeMap = Reflect.getMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, target, 'method') || [];
routeMap.push({ name, method, path });
Reflect.defineMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, routeMap, target, 'method');
};
};
}
// 导出 http method 装饰器
export const post = createMethodDecorator('post');
export const get = createMethodDecorator('get');
export const del = createMethodDecorator('del');
export const put = createMethodDecorator('put');
export const patch = createMethodDecorator('patch');
export const options = createMethodDecorator('options');
export const head = createMethodDecorator('head');
export const all = createMethodDecorator('all');
import 'reflect-metadata'
import { ROUTER_MAP } from '../constant'
/**
* @desc 生成 http method 装饰器
* @param {string} method - http method，如 get、post、head
* @return Decorator - 装饰器
*/
function createMethodDecorator(method: string) {
// 装饰器接收路由 path 作为参数
return function httpMethodDecorator(path: string) {
return (proto: any, name: string) => {
const target = proto.constructor;
const routeMap = Reflect.getMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, target, 'method') || [];
routeMap.push({ name, method, path });
Reflect.defineMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, routeMap, target, 'method');
};
};
}
// 导出 http method 装饰器
export const post = createMethodDecorator('post');
export const get = createMethodDecorator('get');
export const del = createMethodDecorator('del');
export const put = createMethodDecorator('put');
export const patch = createMethodDecorator('patch');
export const options = createMethodDecorator('options');
export const head = createMethodDecorator('head');
export const all = createMethodDecorator('all');
装饰控制器的方法
export default class Sign {
@post('/login')
async login (ctx: Context) {
const { email, password } = ctx.request.body;
const users = await userDao.getUser({ email });
// ...
return ctx.body = {
code: 0,
message: '登录成功',
data
};
}
@post('/register')
async register (ctx: Context) {
const { email, password } = ctx.request.body;
const salt = makeSalt();
// ...
return ctx.body = {
code: 0,
message: '注册成功！',
data
}
}
}
export default class Sign {
@post('/login')
async login (ctx: Context) {
const { email, password } = ctx.request.body;
const users = await userDao.getUser({ email });
// ...
return ctx.body = {
code: 0,
message: '登录成功',
data
};
}
@post('/register')
async register (ctx: Context) {
const { email, password } = ctx.request.body;
const salt = makeSalt();
// ...
return ctx.body = {
code: 0,
message: '注册成功！',
data
}
}
}
收集元数据和添加路由
收集元数据和添加路由我们已经把装饰器添加到对应控制器的方法上了，那么怎么把元数据收集起来呢？这就需要用到 node 提供的 fs 文件模块，node服务第一次启动的时候，扫描一遍controller文件夹，收集到所有控制器模块，结合装饰器收集到的metadata，就可以把对应的方法添加到 koa-router。
import 'reflect-metadata'
import fs from 'fs'
import path from 'path'
import { ROUTER_MAP } from './constant'
import { RouteMeta } from './type'
import Router from 'koa-router'
const addRouter = (router: Router) => {
const ctrPath = path.join(__dirname, 'controller');
const modules: ObjectConstructor[] = [];
// 扫描controller文件夹，收集所有controller
fs.readdirSync(ctrPath).forEach(name => {
if (/^[^.]+?\.(t|j)s$/.test(name)) {
modules.push(require(path.join(ctrPath, name)).default)
}
});
// 结合meta数据添加路由
modules.forEach(m => {
const routerMap: RouteMeta[] = Reflect.getMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, m, 'method') || [];
if (routerMap.length) {
const ctr = new m();
routerMap.forEach(route => {
const { name, method, path } = route;
router[method](path, ctr[name]);
})
}
})
}
export default addRouter
import 'reflect-metadata'
import fs from 'fs'
import path from 'path'
import { ROUTER_MAP } from './constant'
import { RouteMeta } from './type'
import Router from 'koa-router'
const addRouter = (router: Router) => {
const ctrPath = path.join(__dirname, 'controller');
const modules: ObjectConstructor[] = [];
// 扫描controller文件夹，收集所有controller
fs.readdirSync(ctrPath).forEach(name => {
if (/^[^.]+?\.(t|j)s$/.test(name)) {
modules.push(require(path.join(ctrPath, name)).default)
}
});
// 结合meta数据添加路由
modules.forEach(m => {
const routerMap: RouteMeta[] = Reflect.getMetadata(ROUTER_MAP, m, 'method') || [];
if (routerMap.length) {
const ctr = new m();
routerMap.forEach(route => {
const { name, method, path } = route;
router[method](path, ctr[name]);
})
}
})
}
export default addRouter
最后
最后 这样对koa项目脚手架的改造基本完成，源码请查看koa-server koa-server 以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
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